John Forbes Nash, Jr. - 1739 Words

Introduction: John Forbes Nash, Jr. is a famous mathematician who won the 1994 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. In 1959, while he was teaching at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), he displayed some symptoms of Paranoid Schizophrenia. He suffered from hallucinations and delusions. Once he said that he has encrypted messages from outer space. People thought it was a joke, but they didn t know that he was suffering from Schizophrenia. After his illness, he resigned from MIT and went to Europe. When he came back, he mostly hanged around Princeton campus and wrote about himself in a third person and wrote nonsensical cards to his friends. When his wife knew about his symptoms, she took him to a hospital. He went through†¦show more content†¦Schizophrenic patients are typically unable to filter sensory stimuli and may have enhanced perceptions of sounds, colors, and other features of their environment (cited in Gulli and R. Rosick, 2014). If there is no intervention, schizo phrenia could lead to withdraw from people. Types: Schizophrenia has four main different types: paranoid subtype, disorganized subtype, catatonic subtype, and undifferentiated subtype. Paranoid subtype is the most common type schizophrenia. It consists of auditory hallucinations and/or prominent delusions about prosecution or conspiracy. Patients with paranoid subtype may live normal with successful management and treatment. Disorganized subtype consists of disorganized thought process. Patients with this subtype may have a difficult time with maintaining daily activities and emotional processes. Also, their communication abilities may be impaired (Bengston, 2009). Catatonic subtype is marked by incoherence, grossly disorganized behavior, bizarre thinking, and flat or grossly inappropriate emotions. Undifferentiated subtype lacks the specific features of paranoid subtype, disorganized subtype, and catatonic subtype (Dennis Coon, John O. Mitterer, 2014). Causes: Currently, the causes of Schizophrenia are unknown. Research has tried to identify the causes, but no specific cause has been found. Research has revealed that some factors cause Schizophrenia. One of the factors is genetics and environment. Scientists say that

The Crime Control Model - 1564 Words

The crime control model and the due process model are two different, yet similar models that was identified by Herbert Pecker and that are used in the criminal justice process. However, how important are these models in the criminal justice process? And is it necessary for us to have both of these models which to an extent performs similar outcomes. To answer these questions this essay will explaining the meaning of these two models, in addition, it will be looking at the differences that there are between these two models. And as a result, reveal the importance of these two models and whether it is necessary to have both models The term crime control is a method that is used to help tackle crime, in terms of reducing the amount of crime†¦show more content†¦The crime control model can be seen as a good thing, as it main focus is that of eliminating and preventing crime. However this model place much trust in the police, in effect, the police is inclined to remove the bad guys from society. This then leads to police corruption where the police and those that are doing the investigation process manipulate the situation so that the suspected criminal is penalised. Additionally, this model fails to consider suspected offenders as being potentially innocent due to their own informal investigation, consequently they violates individual’s right and in essence fails to work for the greater good of society. Even so, the crime control model is essential as it is through this model that we are able to reach to the due process model. In contrast to the crime control model, the due process model do not believe in the police and other agencies in bringing offenders to justice. The reason is because of the informal setting in which investigation is carried out by investigative and prosecutorial officers, which leads the due process model to reject the crime control model to bringing offenders to justice. They argue that during the criminal justice process mistakes can be made, in addition to corruption and dishonesty taking place. ‘In January 2011 the trials of six environmentalist activistsShow MoreRelatedThe Medical Model, Community Model And The Crime Control Model869 Words   |  4 PagesCommunity corrections is continually changing and has been for the past one hundred years. From the early to mid-twentieth century onward it has used three major models, the medical model, community model, and the crime control model. The major turning point for the American community corrections system that led to corr ections as we know it today was in 1974 when What Works? - Questions and Answers About Prison Reform by Martinson was published. The system changed practically overnight acrossRead MoreCrime Control Model And The Due Process Model903 Words   |  4 Pagesin America has two main models, the crime control model and the due process model. There has been several debates on which model is the most effective in combating crime in America. Crime control model emphasizes on crime reduction by increasing prosecution powers (Hung-En, 2006). On the other hand, the due process model of crime control aims at increasing the people’s rights and liberty and limiting governmental powers. Unlike the due process model, the crime control model believes in with an increaseRead MoreCrime Control Model And The Due Process Model1327 Words   |  6 PagesThere are two models of the criminal process. The two model of the criminal process are the crime control model and the due process model. Both o f these models are bring used in the criminal justice system. The two models give understanding to the values of the criminal law with that in mind these two modes are not absolute. Herbert Packer articulates the values of the criminal justice process between due process which is emphasis on the right of an individual and crime control model sees the regulationRead MoreThe Crime Control Model And The Due Process Model2122 Words   |  9 PagesHerbert Packer, a Stanford University law professor, developed two models of the criminal justice system (CJS) in the United States, the crime control model and the due process model. This has now been implemented and applied to the CJS of England and Wales and there are several examples of due process and crime control measures which this CJS is made up of. The due process model relies on the underlying principle that an individual cannot be deprived of liberty, property, or even life without appropriateRead MoreCrime Control Model And Due Process Model1823 Words   |  8 PagesThe Crime Control Model and the Due Process Model are very important parts of our criminal justice system. Without both of these models in our system it throws things off balance and causes a lot of problems. Over the past many years our Criminal Justice System has changed and with these changes we have found better ways of keeping our system balanced. In order for our system to continue to stay in balance then the Crime Control Model and Due Process Model need to be used together. The Crime ControlRead MoreThe Crime Control Model Of The Ryan Ferguson Essay1369 Words   |  6 Pagesnever be compromised, within a society that is free of crime. Everyone would be equal and treated fairly. Unfortunately this is not the case, our system was created to serve and to protect the lives and rights of every American. Although, the scary reality is that not everyone’s rights are always protected and some are even wrongfully convicted of crimes he or she is innocent of. This is an unnerving concept that seems like a plot to a popular crime fighting show. Sadly, this possibility was a realityRead MoreCrime Control Model Vs. Due Process Model Essay1614 Words   |  7 Pagesindividual whom commit crime the crime control model vs. due process model. There has been an ongoing intense debate over which criminal process works best for the United States and its citizens. Should individuals be given the right to be innocent until proven guilty? Or should individuals be pla ced in jail before being convicted of the crime? Should individual’s rights be thrown out as soon as they are assumed guilty of a crime? Or should individuals keep their rights regardless of a crime committed? AnotherRead MoreDue Process Model versus Crime Control Model Essay834 Words   |  4 Pagestypes of models that are found in the English criminal justice system. These are the crime control model and the due process model. They vary in their characteristics and are considered to take divergent objectives. Basing on their evident differences, one of them is actually considered being more effective than the other if the new wave and rate of crime being witnessed in the society is anything to go by. This paper therefore seeks to identify some of the differences between these models and pointRead MoreThe Crime Control Model and the due Process Model in The Brothel Boy 576 Words   |  3 Pagesare two main models in the criminal process, the crime control model and the due process model. The crime control model focuses on repression of crime in a speedy and conclusive way. The use of â€Å"presumptions of guilt† speeds the process up because very little evidence is needed against the suspect for them to be considered guilty. In this model, it is believed the laws should be stricter, the police force should be increased, and the sentences should be more intense. The due process model has more stepsRead MoreThe Consensus, Crime Control, and Due Process Models Essay1630 Words   |  7 Pagesconsists of models and theories that often contradict one another. Of these models are the crime control model, the due process, model, the consensus model and the conflict model. In this paper these models are evaluated and defined, as well as each entity in the criminal justice systems role within each model. Policing, corrections and the court system all subscribe to each model in some way and in a hurried manner in cases that dictate such a response. As described by Erik Luna in the Models of Criminal

Puritans and Planters free essay sample

During the late 1600’s two significant gropes of people started showing there self’s, these people where the Puritans and the Planters. The Puritans was a group of English Protestants. Protestantism is one of the three major groupings Catholicism, Orthodoxy, and Protestantism, within Christianity. The Puritans came to the New World on the Mayflower, at a attempting to escape religious persecution. They were simple people who devoted their self’s to God, the Planters on the other hand where much different. The Planters came to the New World for a different reason, to grow crops. They learned to read from the Bible. Church was the most important part of their lives. Planters came to Virginia to grow crops. After discovered how well tobacco grows in Virginia’s climate huge tobacco plantations began to take over small vegetable farms. Slaves were captured in Africa and sold in Virginia to help with the work. We will write a custom essay sample on Puritans and Planters or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Virginia, like Massachusetts, was ruled by a governor but Virginia’s governor was appointed by the English King rather than elected. Farming was the most important part of life in Virginia and tobacco became Virginia’s most important crop. Planters found there riches through farming, and started to see the luxuries in life. The Puritans and Planters where every different from each other, but here main difference was the ways of religion. The Puritans would spend between two to four hours in church everyone read the Bible, and those who didnt were thought to worship Satan. The Planters put most of their time in making and growing more and more tobacco in the area. They didn’t spend long hours in a church or reading the Bible they were trying to make more large-scale plantations. Another difference was the way they spent their money. Puritans choice a simpler approach, they wanted everything to be simple and easy. Instead of spending the money on useless, but nice house thing they spend it on their friends and family, and savings. For the Planters leisure was an important aspect of life among the wealthy landowners. Apparel included luxury fabrics and bright colors. Although their differences Puritans did share some common things. Work ethic was one of them, even if they work for different things both groups shows lots of hard work and dedication. Whether it was the Puritans with devotion to God, or Planters with devotion to Farming they both stood tall and strong for their beliefs and work. Another thing is slavery, and owning slaves. The Puritans did agree with slavery, as did the Planters. They saw it as in agreement with the Bible, but slavery in the Massachusetts colonies was regarded as slightly less harsh than the slavery in the southern colonies because the Puritans also believed that it was their responsibility to provide for the slaves well being, both physically and spiritually. Planters own slaves to work long hours on their tobacco plantation.

LLB British Law Criminal Law

Question: Describe about the LLB British Law for criminal law? Answer: Liability for Criminal Damage in the United Kingdom By the term criminal damage we mean the damage caused to any property by an individual. In cases when the damage caused to property is deemed to be criminal, a case is brought against such individual in a criminal court. The legislation applicable in cases of damage to property is the Criminal Damage Act of 1971(referred to as the Act') in the United Kingdom. This is the primary legislation in the United Kingdom dealing with the subject. Earlier the Malicious Damages Act, 1861 was the legislation that dealt with criminal damage to property. Under the Act, criminal damage is said to occur when an individual intentionally damages property belonging to other individuals. Such intentional act is generally not backed by a lawful excuse. In such a case, the individual who engages in the act of damaging property would be held guilty of the offence of criminal damage. Thus, from the above definition we may derive the following elements of the offence of criminal damage; There must have been damage Such damage must have been caused to property The property must belong to other individuals No lawful excuse for the act of damaging property Existence of intention to cause the damage or recklessness as regards the causing of damage Damage No specific definition of damage has been laid down under the Act. The courts determine the existence of damage depending upon the circumstances of each case. However, the courts determine damage by considering the following factors; It is not necessary that damage caused should be permanent. It would result in damage even if paint or mud is smeared on a property. It is not necessary that the damage should be visible. Even if the damage is not visible if the proper running of the property is affected then it would be regarded that the property has been damaged. Recklessness To establish criminal damage, the fact that the defendant acted in a reckless manner has to be proved. The definition of recklessness has been laid down under Section 1 of the Act. As per the provisions of Section 1 of the Act a person is said to be regarded as having acted recklessly as regards; A circumstance, in case, he/ she is well aware of the risk associated A consequence, in case, he/ she is aware of the risk that would occur Additionally, in the given circumstance, it is unreasonable for the person concerned to undertake the risk. The terms recklessness and intention are used interchangeably. Establishing one would suffice. Property The definition of property has been laid down under Section 10 of the Act. Belonging To Other Individual Property said to belong to a person When he/ she has custody or control over the property When he/ she has a right over the property When he/ she has a charge over the property. Without Lawful Excuse Section 5 of the Act lays down a list of lawful excuses that may form a defence in an action for criminal damage to property. If damage does not fall under any of these grounds, it would be considered to be damage under the Act. These include; If the person believes that consent was given by the property owner If the person caused the damage to protect his/ her own property, in case, the said property was in need of protection and the way adopted to protect the property was reasonable. Intention To Endanger Life Under Section 2 of the Act the act of damaging property so as to cause harm to life of another or being reckless as to the fact of endangering the life of another is an offence. Penalty And Sentencing In case, a person is found guilty under the provisions of the Act then; If the damage caused is less than 5,000 the offender would be subjected to a maximum sentence of imprisonment for six months. If the damage is over 5,000 then the offender would be subjected to imprisonment for a maximum period of ten years. Criminal Liability of Rohit In order to determine the criminal liability of Rohit in the instant case we would look into the circumstances of the case in the light of the above legal principles. In the instant case the actions of Rohit; Caused damage to the property of Bloke's Bar The said damage was caused to the property of Bloke's bar, i.e., the property of another individual There was no lawful excuse to Rohit for damaging the property belonging to Bloke's Bar Rohit intended to cause damage to the property In fact, when he was asked to stop, he threatened to damage or destroy all the antique property of the bar. Moreover, his actions do not fall under the provisions of Section 5 of the Act. His action was reckless Thus, we may conclude that Rohit is criminally liable for the damage caused to the property of Bloke's Bar under the provisions of the Act. The sentencing of Rohit would depend upon the estimate of the damage caused. Criminal Liability of Umut Considering the actions of Umut in the light of the aforesaid legal provisions, we may derive the following; Umut put the bar counter on fire, intentionally. The property of Bloke's bar belonged to the employer of Umut, thus, he caused damaged to property belonging to another. There was no lawful excuse for the said action of Umut. His actions do not fall under the provisions of Section 5 of the Act. Thus, we may conclude that Umut has also committed the offence of causing damage to property of other individual under the provisions of the Act. The sentencing of Umut would depend on the estimation of the damage caused as a consequence of his action. Though, it seems that the damage caused would be way above 5,000. References [accessed 29 July 2015]. Baker, D, G Williams, Textbook of criminal law. in , London, Sweet Maxwell, 2012. Dubber, M, T HoÃÅ'ˆrnle, The Oxford handbook of criminal law. in . Duff, A, The boundaries of the criminal law. in , Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2010. Duff, A, The constitution of the criminal law. in , Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford University Press, 2013. Hooper, A, D Ormerod, P Murphy, B Leveson, J Phillips, D Atkinson, Blackstone's criminal practice, 2012. in , Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2011. Monaghan, N, Criminal Law Directions. in , Oxford, OUP Oxford, 2012. Ormerod, D, J Smith, B Hogan, D Ormerod, Smith and Hogan's criminal law. in , Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2011. [accessed 29 July 2015]. D Baker G Williams, Textbook of criminal law, in , London, Sweet Maxwell, 2012. M Dubber T HoÃÅ'ˆrnle, The Oxford handbook of criminal law, in . A Duff, The boundaries of the criminal law, in , Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2010. A Duff, The constitution of the criminal law, in , Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford University Press, 2013. N Monaghan, Criminal Law Directions, in , Oxford, OUP Oxford, 2012. D Ormerod et al., Smith and Hogan's criminal law, in , Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2011. A Hooper et al., Blackstone's criminal practice, 2012, in , Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2011.